What is the process of developing a document that formally authorizes a project or phase?

The process of developing a document that formally authorizes a project or phase is known as project charter development. The project charter serves as a foundational document that outlines the project's objectives, scope, stakeholders, and generally provides the authority for the project manager to proceed with the project. It formally recognizes the existence of the project and grants the project manager the authority to mobilize resources and start work.

This process is crucial because it aligns the stakeholders on the project's goals and expectations, ensuring everyone is on the same page before significant resources are committed. It also helps in risk management by clearly defining what the project aims to achieve and its limitations.

In contrast, project initiation refers to the broader phase during which the project concept is formulated and may include the development of preliminary documents. Project scope definition focuses specifically on identifying and detailing what is included and excluded from the project. Project resource allocation involves assigning resources to tasks and activities, which occurs after the project charter has been developed and approved.