In which phase is project progress closely monitored to ensure alignment with the project plan?

The phase where project progress is closely monitored to ensure alignment with the project plan is the Monitoring and Controlling phase. This phase involves tracking, reviewing, and regulating the progress and performance of the project. It is critical for identifying any potential deviations from the project plan, allowing for corrective actions to be implemented if necessary.

During this phase, project managers utilize various tools and techniques, such as performance measurement, change control processes, and issue tracking, to assess whether the project is on track in terms of scope, time, and cost. By doing so, they can ensure that the project remains aligned with the intended objectives and goals set out in the initial planning phase.

The other phases do serve important functions in the project lifecycle, but they do not focus specifically on monitoring and controlling. Initiating is about defining the project and securing authorization. Executing involves carrying out the work defined in the project management plan. Closing wraps up the project and ensures that all aspects are finalized and that lessons learned are documented.