Explain "resource leveling" in the context of project management.

Resource leveling is a crucial technique in project management aimed at optimizing the allocation of resources throughout the project lifecycle. This process involves smoothing out resource usage to ensure they are used effectively without overloading or underutilizing them at any given time. By adjusting the schedules of various activities, project managers can resolve conflicts and accommodate resource availability.

For example, if multiple tasks require the same resource at the same time, the project manager may postpone one task to allow for balanced use of that resource, thereby mitigating potential bottlenecks. This not only helps in maintaining productivity but also reduces the risks associated with over-allocation, such as delays and decreased quality of work.

The other options pertain to different aspects of project management but do not accurately depict the essence of resource leveling. While resource optimization may contribute to cost reduction, it is not the primary goal of resource leveling. Similarly, allocating additional resources to meet deadlines and increasing project scope relate to different strategies and may not necessarily address the principle of smoothing resource usage.